{"id":47187,"date":"2026-01-27T15:08:10","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amec.es\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\/"},"modified":"2026-01-27T15:08:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T14:08:53","slug":"the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/amec.es\/en\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\/","title":{"rendered":"The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"47187\" class=\"elementor elementor-47187 elementor-47180\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ab98921 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ab98921\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b7c94ef\" data-id=\"5b7c94ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc27e93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dc27e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb6d32b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2fb6d32b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11a18a81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11a18a81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41b6604f\" data-id=\"41b6604f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77949b6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77949b6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b4ce6ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3b4ce6ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5839107d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5839107d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t27 de January de 2026\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46d47157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46d47157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>A study reveals that exporters absorb less than 4% of the cost of U.S. tariffs. The remaining 96% is borne directly by U.S. importers and consumers. <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36669456 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"36669456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32521ec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32521ec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Kiel Institute has analyzed more than 25 million individual transaction-level shipping data from U.S. Customs records covering all import shipping.<\/p><p>By combining this information with the applicable tariff rates, they were able to isolate the specific effect of tariffs on import prices.<\/p><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_<\/span><br>The central finding: almost complete transfer to prices<\/strong><\/h5><p>The results are compelling: when the U.S. imposes a 25% tariff, exporters reduce their pre-tariff price by less than 1%, while the final price paid by U.S. importers increases by approximately 24%, or almost the full amount of the tariff.<\/p><p>For every 10 percentage point increase in tariffs, export prices fall by only 0.39%. In other words, for every $100 collected in tariffs, approximately $96 comes out of U.S. pockets and only $4 represents a reduction in foreign exporters&#8217; profits. <\/p><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_<\/span><br>Specific cases: Brazil and India confirm the pattern<\/strong><\/h5><p>The study includes detailed analyses of two tariff increases:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Brazil (50% tariff, August 6, 2025):<\/strong> After the imposition of the tariff, Brazilian exporters did not substantially reduce their prices. Studies confirm that the tariff was almost completely passed on to U.S. importers. <\/li><li><strong>India (25% and 50% tariffs, August 2025):<\/strong> Comparing Indian exports to the U.S. with exports to the EU, Canada, and Australia (destinations without new tariffs), they found that export unit values to the U.S. remained unchanged relative to other destinations.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_<\/span><br>However, the volume effects were substantial<\/strong>: export values to the US fell by approximately 18-24% relative to other destinations. Indian exporters responded to the US tariffs by shipping less, not by reducing prices. <\/p><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_<\/span><br>Why don&#8217;t exporters absorb tariffs?<\/strong><\/h5><ul><li><strong>Existence of alternative markets:<\/strong> Exporters facing U.S. tariffs may redirect sales to Europe, Asia or other destinations, reducing their incentive to cut prices specifically for U.S. buyers.<\/li><li><strong>The impossibility of competing with price cuts:<\/strong> An exporter would need to cut its price by one-third just to offset a 50% tariff, a margin cut that would probably not be profitable for most companies.<\/li><li><strong>Expectations about temporariness:<\/strong> If exporters believe that tariffs may be subject to negotiation, they have less incentive to make costly price adjustments.<\/li><li><strong>Rigid supply chains:<\/strong> Many U.S. importers cannot easily switch sources. This gives pricing power to existing suppliers. <\/li><\/ul><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_<\/span><br>Conclusion: a tax on Americans<\/strong><\/h5><p>Kiel&#8217;s study is clear: In economic terms, tariffs function as a selective consumption tax on imported goods.<\/p><p>The main effect of tariffs is not to force foreign producers to accept lower prices, but to reduce imports, which means fewer goods, less variety and disrupted supply chains for U.S. companies.<\/p><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_<\/span><br>Implications for Spanish exporting companies<\/strong><\/h5><p><strong>The experience of Brazil and India is particularly relevant<\/strong>: these countries maintained prices and reduced volumes. Spanish companies facing tariffs are likely to follow the same pattern. <\/p><ul><li><strong>Market diversification:<\/strong> Exporters who do not rely exclusively on a single market maintain better pricing power.<\/li><li><strong>Maintaining prices in the face of tariffs:<\/strong> Cutting prices drastically to compensate for high tariffs is unfeasible and unprofitable. It is preferable to accept a reduction in volume while maintaining profitability than to enter a race to the bottom in margins. <\/li><li><strong>Differentiation by quality and technology: <\/strong>In an environment of high tariffs, price competition becomes impossible. The only sustainable way to maintain a position is through products differentiated by innovation, superior quality or specialized technical solutions. <\/li><li><strong>Value of established business relationships:<\/strong> Customers with established suppliers cannot easily switch sources due to the rigidity of supply chains. These long-term relationships provide bargaining power and the ability to maintain prices even in adverse tariff contexts. <\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b9ad50f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b9ad50f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c45fdb3\" data-id=\"4c45fdb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-423c72a8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"423c72a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f7d5c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16f7d5c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resources<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4102aef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4102aef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#8220;America&#8217;s Own Goal: Who Pays the Tariffs?&#8221; Hinz, J., Lohmann, A., Mahlkow, H., and Vorwig, A. Kiel Policy Brief No. 201, Kiel Institute, January 2026. <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kielinstitut.de\/publications\/americas-own-goal-who-pays-the-tariffs-19398\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kielinstitut.de\/publications\/americas-own-goal-who-pays-the-tariffs-19398\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bce197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2bce197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8b61e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8b61e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83211f1\" data-id=\"83211f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f618ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f618ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do you want to keep up to date with current events in the United 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.accio.gencat.cat\/es\/inici\/index.html\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/amec.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Segell-Agents-de-Suport-a-la-Internacionalitzacio-Superior.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34733\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amec.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Segell-Agents-de-Suport-a-la-Internacionalitzacio-Superior.png 778w, https:\/\/amec.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Segell-Agents-de-Suport-a-la-Internacionalitzacio-Superior-274x300.png 274w, https:\/\/amec.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Segell-Agents-de-Suport-a-la-Internacionalitzacio-Superior-768x842.png 768w, https:\/\/amec.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Segell-Agents-de-Suport-a-la-Internacionalitzacio-Superior-600x658.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-580890ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"580890ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52715759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52715759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.accio.gencat.cat\/ca\/accio\/processos-acreditacio\/agents-suport-internacionalitzacio\/\"><span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\">ACCI\u00d3 accredited agent<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117b27fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"117b27fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A study reveals that exporters absorb less than 4% of the cost of U.S. tariffs. The remaining 96% is borne directly by U.S. importers and consumers. The Kiel Institute has analyzed more than 25 million individual transaction-level shipping data from U.S. Customs records covering all import shipping. By combining this information with the applicable tariff [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47187","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens | amec Positive Industry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amec.es\/en\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens | amec Positive Industry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A study reveals that exporters absorb less than 4% of the cost of U.S. tariffs. The remaining 96% is borne directly by U.S. importers and consumers. The Kiel Institute has analyzed more than 25 million individual transaction-level shipping data from U.S. Customs records covering all import shipping. By combining this information with the applicable tariff [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/amec.es\/en\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"amec Positive Industry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-27T14:08:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/amec.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Banner_Seguimiento_USA.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"471\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/\",\"name\":\"The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens | amec Positive Industry\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Banner_Seguimiento_USA-1024x377.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-27T14:08:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-27T14:08:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Banner_Seguimiento_USA-1024x377.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Banner_Seguimiento_USA-1024x377.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/en\\\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/\",\"name\":\"amec Positive Industry\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"amec Positive Industry\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/logoamec.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/logoamec.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":48,\"caption\":\"amec Positive Industry\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/amec.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens | amec Positive Industry","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/amec.es\/en\/the-illusion-of-tariffs-the-bill-is-paid-by-citizens\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The illusion of tariffs: the bill is paid by citizens | amec Positive Industry","og_description":"A study reveals that exporters absorb less than 4% of the cost of U.S. tariffs. 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